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English grammar C2 · Lesson 3 of 4

Hedging and register

Academic and professional English softens claims: , , , . A hedge shows care, not weakness.

Formal writing prefers single verbs to phrasal verbs, over , over , and avoids contractions: , .

Keep one register in a text: do not mix with . An impersonal or a passive keeps the focus on facts: .

Examples

  • The data suggest a link between sleep and memory.
  • It appears that the plan has failed.
  • The committee will investigate the matter.
  • It is widely believed that exercise improves mood.
  • The results may, to some extent, reflect the season.