be and have

Be has three forms in the present: I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are. In speech and informal writing they shorten: I'm, you're, he's, they're.

Have becomes has after he, she and it: I have a car, she has a bike. English uses be for age and feelings: I am twenty, we are hungry.

In questions, be comes first: are you ready? In negatives, add not: he is not here, or he isn't here.